Copy-paste the text below, and replace [LANGUAGE] with the language you’ll learn!

Wishing you the best of luck in your language learning journey💕

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You're a language education expert and I'm starting [LANGUAGE] from scratch. Give me a concise but informative report covering these 10 things so I can understand the overall system before my first Duolingo lesson:

  1. Writing system — script/alphabet, what I need to know about how it works, and give me the full chart of all the letters.
  2. Phonetics & pronunciation — each sounds using IPA, pronunciation rules, tones/clicks/pitch accent if relevant, and major differences from English.
  3. Basic word order — SVO/SOV/VSO/etc., with 2–3 simple examples.
  4. Cases — whether they exist. if they do, what they do and a simple example.
  5. Grammatical gender — whether it exists. if they do, what it affects and a simple example.
  6. Articles / particles / grammatical markers — equivalents of a/an/the, particles, postpositions, etc., and what they generally do.
  7. Verb base form & conjugation — what the infinitive/dictionary form looks like and how verbs generally change for tense/person/etc., with a simple example.
  8. Personal pronouns — I, you, he, she, it, we, you all, they; include relevant formal/informal or gender distinctions.
  9. Demonstratives — this, that, these, those, including any distance distinctions such as “that over there.”
  10. Six essential verbs — give the present-tense forms of be, have, go, eat, need, want, showing the main personal conjugations and noting important irregularities.

Keep it beginner-friendly, concise, and practical. Focus on helping me recognize the language’s patterns rather than teaching me every grammar rule. Use tables where useful and give English translations for examples.

End with a short “What I should know before Lesson 1” summary of the biggest patterns I should keep in mind.

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